Tympanic Membrane Surgery (Myringoplasty)

Tympanic Membrane Surgery (Myringoplasty)

The tympanic membrane is a very thin structure that separates the external auditory canal from the middle ear at the end of the external auditory canal, receives the sound waves that enter our ears, and transmits them to the middle ear. The tympanic membrane transmits the received sound waves to the ear ossicles and ensures that hearing is transmitted to the middle ear.

Damage to the eardrum (perforation) is usually due to trauma or chronic infection.

Trauma-related perforations can be caused by cutting and piercing tools aimed directly at the tympanic membrane, as well as by some chemical fluids that disrupt the structure of the tympanic membrane. Blows to the head, sudden changes in pressure (diving, air travel, etc.), and violent explosions near the ear can indirectly cause perforation.

Infection-related perforations usually occur with sudden otitis media, but improve with drug treatment of the infection. Frequent recurrences of infections and failure to treat them promptly and correctly can lead to permanent tympanic membrane perforations.

Hearing loss due to the location and size of the holes in the tympanic membrane is the most important problem. In addition, leakage of water from the ruptured tympanic membrane into the middle ear can cause recurrent infections.

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In trauma-related perforations, special paper or silicone patches can be used to repair the perforation in the initial phase on the ruptured area. Permanent holes, however, must be repaired with a surgery called “myringoplasty.” This surgery is usually performed from the external auditory canal, by taking membrane or cartilage from the patient’s own tissue under a microscope.

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Elçin Arıtürk, MD

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Elçin Arıtürk, MD

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